Progress in rapid climate changes and their modeling study in millennial and centennial scales     

Liya Jin  Fahu Chen 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(2):187-198

Rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is one of the most important aspects in paleoclimate study. It has been found that rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is a global phenomenon during both the glacial age and the Holocene with amplitudes typical of geological or astronomical time-scales. Simulations of glacial and Holocene climate changes have demonstrated the response of the climate system to the changes of earth orbital parameter and the importance of variations in feedbacks of ocean, vegetation, icecap and greenhouse gases. Modeling experiments suggest that the Atlantic thermohaline circulation was sensitive to the freshwater input into the North Atlantic and was closely related to the rapid climate changes during the last glacial age and the Holocene. Adopting the Earth-system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs), CLIMBER-2, the response of East Asian climate change to Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events during the typical last glacial period (60 ka B.P.-20 ka B.P.) and impacts of ice on the Tibetan plateau on Holocene climate change were stimulated, studied and revealed. Further progress of paleoclimate modeling depends on developing finer-grid models and reconstructing more reliable boundary conditions. More attention should be paid on the study of mechanisms of abrupt climatic changes as well as regional climate changes in the background of global climate change. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(10): 1054–1065 [译自: 地球科学进展]  相似文献   

Degradation of phytoplankton-derived organic matter: Implications for carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry in coastal ecosystems     

Michael S. Wetz  Burke Hales  Patricia A. Wheeler 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Experiments were conducted using seawater from the Oregon continental shelf to determine: (1) rates of phytoplankton-derived particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) degradation by natural microbial communities, and (2) whether inorganic nutrients or flagellate grazing limit the bacterial response to, and subsequent degradation of, the DOM. In the initial seawater samples, nutrients were depleted and organic matter concentrations were elevated above concentrations found in upwelled water, indicative of recent bloom conditions. In whole water treatments incubated for 3 d, an average of 24% of the total organic C and 33% of the POC was degraded, with some portion of the POC being converted to DOC. In treatments incubated after POM was removed by filtration, DOC degradation was initially rapid and then proceeded at a slower rate. After 3 d, an average of 41% of the DOC was degraded. Selective degradation of the C-component of both the POM and DOM relative to the N-component was observed. Reductions in flagellate grazing resulted in increases in bacterial abundance and enhanced DOC degradation, while inorganic nutrient amendments had little effect. Overall, these results suggest that a fraction of the phytoplankton-derived POM and DOM can be rapidly degraded, contributing to oxygen consumption on the continental shelf. The long degradation time of a less labile DOC fraction relative to potential offshelf transport mechanisms suggests that Oregon's coastal waters may be a source of DOC to adjacent offshore waters of the North Pacific.  相似文献   

基于经验模型和物理模型研究2013 M_S7.0芦山地震余震序列          下载免费PDF全文

米琦  申文豪  史保平 《地球物理学报》2015,58(6):1919-1930

基于中国地震台网中心2013 MS7.0芦山地震余震数据我们首先确定了余震空间分布范围并根据G-R关系计算了主震后半小时内的完备震级Mc=3.5,并且得到了ML≥3.5和ML≥3.0的地震在2001年至芦山地震前的背景场地震发生率.通过Omori-Ustu经验定律和两种Dieterich模型对芦山地震余震发生率的拟合,我们发现阶梯型Dieterich模型只能模拟p=1的情况,从而造成了模拟曲线与观测数据的差别;前人研究表明震后滑移同样是产生余震的原因,如果假设余震序列由主震静态剪应力Δτ和震后滑移共同作用所产生,我们数值模拟得到的对数型Dieterich模型能够较好地推断余震发生率R随时间t增加而衰减的趋势,能够从物理机制上解释MS7.0芦山地震余震序列衰减指数大于1这一现象.通过对数型Dieterich模型的拟合并结合Andrews的方法,我们还得到MS7.0芦山地震Aσ约为0.155 MPa,ta约为8.4年,这一值与前人研究结果十分接近.  相似文献   

earthquake disaster rapid assessment for emergency response supported by high-precision data of hazard bearing body     

AN Ji-wen  XU Jing-hai  NIE Gao-zhong  BAI Xian-fu 《地震地质》2015,37(4):1225-1241

The earthquake disaster rapid assessment(EDRA)is the core technical support for the post-earthquake emergency response. At present, with the popularization of high-precision population, social and economic data, most of the subordinate units of China Earthquake Administration(CEA)have heightened the precision of hazard bearing body data used in EDRA from the original county-level precision to the 30″×30″ precision. However, while the precision of fundamental data has been heightened, no efforts have been made to improve the main algorithms and the technical process of EDRA. It turns out that the assessment has become more accurate, but the problems of the time-consuming process(10-20 minutes, probably 20 minutes or more in great earthquakes)and the low-precision losses distributions that exposed in EDRA supported by county-level precision data remain unresolved.This paper introduces the high-precision(30″×30″)hazard bearing body data, and describes the principle of EDRA and its implementation under the support of county-level precision data at first. Then the paper elaborates the principle of improving EDRA's data foundation using high-precision hazard bearing body data, the principle of improving the computation efficiency and persisting the data precision in the assessment process by means of the cell-to-cell grid algebraic operation, and the method for improving the assessment speed through the segmentation and reorganization of the technical process of EDRA.It is validated that through the improvements, the EDRA has become more accurate and much less time-consuming(less than 1 minute), and is able to output high-precision(30″×30″)distributions of seismic losses. The high-precision hazard bearing body data of wide range are the simulated data but not the survey data. Though the data have been simulated based on the census data, there is still a gap between their accuracy and the real situation. Further research and optimization on the data are needed.  相似文献   

快速集聚发展过程中的河谷型城市的空间整合与规划--以兰州市为例   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

杨永春  张从果  刘治国 《干旱区地理》2004,27(4):603-609

中国西部部分河谷型城市自1949以来一直处于较为快速的集聚发展过程中。产业、各种基础设施大量在河谷中兴建。但是,由于地形条件的约束,这部分城市出现了建设用地紧张、环境问题突出、空间职能配置体系不合理等问题。以兰州市为例,通过对兰州城市在快速集聚扩张过程中空间结构存在问题的分析,提出了旧城“空间职能置换”和新城区建设的空间整合和规划思路,设想了未来50年兰州城市空间建设方案,探讨解决目前这类城市所面临的产业结构升级换代、城市现代化与环境综合治理等相关问题的思路与方法。  相似文献   

Inversion of potential field data using the structural index as weighting function rate decay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Federico Cella  Maurizio Fedi 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(2):313-336

Nonparametric inverse methods provide a general framework for solving potential‐field problems. The use of weighted norms leads to a general regularization problem of Tikhonov form. We present an alternative procedure to estimate the source susceptibility distribution from potential field measurements exploiting inversion methods by means of a flexible depth‐weighting function in the Tikhonov formulation. Our approach improves the formulation proposed by Li and Oldenburg (1996, 1998) , differing significantly in the definition of the depth‐weighting function. In our formalism the depth weighting function is associated not to the field decay of a single block (which can be representative of just a part of the source) but to the field decay of the whole source, thus implying that the data inversion is independent on the cell shape. So, in our procedure, the depth‐weighting function is not given with a fixed exponent but with the structural index N of the source as the exponent. Differently than previous methods, our choice gives a substantial objectivity to the form of the depth‐weighting function and to the consequent solutions. The allowed values for the exponent of the depth‐weighting function depend on the range of N for sources: 0 ≤N≤ 3 (magnetic case). The analysis regarding the cases of simple sources such as dipoles, dipole lines, dykes or contacts, validate our hypothesis. The study of a complex synthetic case also proves that the depth‐weighting decay cannot be necessarily assumed as equal to 3. Moreover it should not be kept constant for multi‐source models but should instead depend on the structural indices of the different sources. In this way we are able to successfully invert the magnetic data of the Vulture area, Southern Italy. An original aspect of the proposed inversion scheme is that it brings an explicit link between two widely used types of interpretation methods, namely those assuming homogeneous fields, such as Euler deconvolution or depth from extreme points transformation and the inversion under the Tikhonov‐form including a depth‐weighting function. The availability of further constraints, from drillings or known geology, will definitely improve the quality of the solution.  相似文献   

新疆地震台网中心速报卡信息提取软件研制     

陈向军  刘平仁  马学军 《高原地震》2012,24(2):71-72,76

新疆地震台网中心速报卡信息提取软件根据大震应急快速反应的相关要求,结合震情值班室工作实际,提取正式速报卡信息内容,提高了大震应急短信的发布速度。  相似文献   

浅谈基于高分辨率卫星影像的地形图快速更新     

姚晓丽  霍爱梅  秦永志  李婧 《测绘与空间地理信息》2022,45(1):112-113,117

随着测绘技术在经济、文化、农业、国防等方面的应用,对测绘技术水平要求越来越高.本文探讨了通过高分辨率卫星影像快速更新地形图的优势,分析现阶段应用过程中存在的问题,并提出了解决思路.  相似文献   

深圳快速城市化中地形对景观垂直格局的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

卜心国  王仰麟  吴健生 《地理学报》2008,63(1):75-82

基于RS 和GIS 的支持, 以深圳市为案例研究地形对景观格局及其垂直分布的影响, 进行景观格局时空动态分析。文章指出, 人类活动对土地的干扰程度表现为从低平地区向高 峻地区递减, 从而导致在以山地占主体的盐田等区在城市化前期低于地势平坦的福田等区; 随着城市的进一步加深, 福田等区多样性指数则快速降低, 盐田等区相对降低很少, 或还处 于上升状态。多样性指数在高程带和坡度带上多时段变化表明: 在垂直空间上, 土地利用结 构的垂直分异是景观格局垂直分异内在原因, 多样性指数的空间曲线和时间曲线具有反“U” 形库兹涅茨曲线特征, 但是这种曲线变化特征需要到一定的城市化阶段才能形成, 并且曲线 特征随城市化的加深而更加明显; 在时间上, 低海拔和低坡度地区的多样性指数的动态特征 也有类似库兹涅茨曲线的反“U”形, 而且随城市化的加深, 具有这种特征的高程带和坡度 带均在上移。  相似文献   

提高温州地震台记录近震的速报质量   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

林胜法  金巧荣  项建权  林良法 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(4):73-77

通过对温州地震台具有代表性的6个典型近震记录图的分析与对比,展示温州地震台近震记录特征,找出快速判定的方法,提高大震速报质量。  相似文献